Patterson Operating
Fluoroscope
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Soon after Roentgen announced
his discovery of X-Rays in January 1896, a hand-held
fluoroscopic device was announced by different inventors under different
names: “Cryptoscope” by Enrico Salvioni, “Skiascope” by William
Francis Magie, and “Vitascope” by Thomas Edison, who preferred later
to call it “Fluoroscope”, a name widely adopted thereafter in English speaking countries. The “Patterson Operating
Fluoroscope” was introduced late in the 2nd decade of last
century, but the device shown and which I presume to be of the mid- or late
forties, was made by E.I. du Pont De Nemours & Co. Inc. who had
acquired the “Patterson” screen business in 1943. It was described as a “small
darkroom adapted to the operator’s eyes and fitted with a fluorescent screen”
It could be fixed with straps to the operator’s head, leaving the hands free.
The main body of the device could be swung upwards on hinges and maintained
in this position by springs. In this position, a red glass filter flips
optionally in front of the lead glass protective eye-piece in order to
maintain the dark adaptation of the operator’s eyes. The “Patterson Type B” fluorescent
screen in this unit, measuring about 5.5 x 7.5” (14 x 19cms), lies right behind the bakelite front. The
fluorescent material (cadmium tungstate) is coated
on a cardboard support covered by a sheet of celluloid. The use of glass at
the front end of the unit has been avoided, keeping the device, with its
actual weight of about 4 lbs (1.8 Kgs), light
enough to be strapped to the operator’s head. In the early fifties I have seen this device
still in use in orthopedic practice. However, already in 1965, E.R.N.Grigg
wrote: “The appliance is hopelessly obsolete by any standards of radiation
protection”. (The Trail of the Invisible Light). |
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